ox-eye daisy - invasive

 

Ox-eye Daisy Leuceanthemum vulgare is a perennial herbaceous species with a creeping root system. 

This daisy is not native to Minnesota, but imported as an pretty ornamental flower. 

It turned out to be an aggressive invasive species. Once established, it can spread rapidly by means of roots and seeds, and block sunshine for other native wildflowers.

song sparrow

 

Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia live up their binomial nomenclature 'melodia' by singing a delightful song, enthusiatically, and often.

They move along wetland edges like around the pond. I see the males occasionally, but they spend most of the time in dense, low vegetation. 

nest box Tree Swallows

Tree Swallows nest in cavities . . . old woodpecker holes in trees, or nest boxes.  They do not go far south in winter; they return to Minnesota before any other swallows.  They can eat plant foods, so they can survive before the insects come out.  In the nest box near the pond, the Tree Swallow laid one egg each day in the last six days.  She started incubating the eggs today.  They will hatch in 11 to 20 days.

And the Tree Swallow male stands by to guard the nest while the female incubates the eggs. 

ducklings, Mallard 2023

 This clutch of Mallard ducklings came to the pond a few days ago, led by their mother.

wild geranium

 

Lonicera

The Lonicera is blooming, now through November.  This perennial vine is a favorite of hummingbirds.

prairie smoke

 

Prairie Smoke is flowering now.  Geum triflorum is an early bloomer; fertilized flowers are later followed by distinctive silvery-pink fluffy fruits with wispy seedheads or 'plumes' densely covered in fine hairs, making them resemble downy bird feathers or wisps of mauve smoke blowing in the wind.  

This native wildflower is also called Old Man's Beard, Old Man’s Whiskers, Purple Avens, Long-Plumed Avens, and Three-Flowered Avens, or Torchflower.

2 turtles on log

 

violets by pond

Blue Violets Viola sororia grow in the riparian area around the pond.  These plants are larval host plants for several species of butterflies.

pair of blue winged teal

Blue-winged Teal Spatula discors have a bold powder-blue patch on their upperwing coverts, only seen in flight or when they are preening.  

They are 'dabblers' - - dipping into water to find aquatic insects and water plants to eat. When on land they eat vegetation and grains. 
 

sandpipers

We see many Sandpipers on the pond each Spring and Autumn.  They are hard to tell apart! I think this is a Solitary Sandpiper, because it has a dark bill.  Solitary Sandpipers nest further north of Minnesota, but Spotted Sandpipers nest all around the state.  

yellow loosestrife

Daffodil (left) besides young Lysimachia leaves

Lowland Yellow Loosestrife Lysimachia hybdrida, a perennial native plant, is sprouting again near the pond.  The  stems will to grow to 30-40 inches tall, then flowers will appear in June.  Some specialist bees will gather the oils that the flower produces to mix with pollen as food for its offspring.

pasque flowers

American Pasqueflower or Eastern Pasqueflower (in the Buttercup family) provides a large amount of pollen for pollinators, an important early-spring resource for female bees to provision their nests.

muskrat, greener pastures

The muskrat left the safety of the pond to find fresher food!  Usually, it eats plants that are growing in the water or very near the shore.  It has been a cold wet Spring, so maybe the plants are not producing enough for muskrats.  This critter ventured out of its comfort zone to fill its hunger.  Several times!

Near the safety of water, circled around to run up the slope to find fresh food.

At top of the slope, gathering a big mouthful of plant material.

Running downhill to the safety of the pond to munch the fresh food, and try the gathering again.

sandpiper on pond

 

yellow-rumped warbler

 Yellow-rumped Warblers Setophaga coronata arrived here on the pond today on migration to the northern part of Minnesota and Canada, where they will nest and breed young birds.  Also called "Myrtle" Warblers.  On migration they eat fruits and seeds.  Here, they flit along the shoreline hunting insects among the grasses.  These individuals came to the feeders to eat thistle and sunflower chips. When more insects appear and the Warblers arrive on the breeding ground up north, they will eat caterpillars and other larvae, small beetles, weevils, ants, scale insects, aphids, grasshoppers, caddisflies, spiders, and gnats.

northern shovelers in Spring

Northern Shovelers visited the pond today.  They eat tiny crustaceans, other aquatic invertebrates, and seeds in and around the pond.  To filter food out of the water, they have comb-like projections (called lamellae) along the edge of their bills.  Lamellae are slightly pliable.  They help many ducks, gooses, and other birds eat by filtering edible items from mud or water.

hooded mergansers in Spring

We have three types of Mergansers in North America.  The smallest of the group is the Hooded Merganser.  These are diving ducks; their long bills are slender with serrated edges, formed like teeth for grasping and holding their prey.  They dive in lakes or ponds, staying under water up to two minutes, while hunting for small fish, crustaceans, amphibians, or roots.

blue-wing teal in Spring

The wetland around the pond is a stopping place where ducks in migration can rest and get a meal.  

A pair of Blue-winged Teal stopped today.

muskrat claws

 

The muskrats Ondatra zibethicus who live on the pond are semi-aquatic rodents.  

They eat mostly plant matter, but also smaller critters that they find.  To eat, they have a thumb and four fingers -- with claws -- to grasp food.  The back feet are larger and have five webbed fingers that help swimming in ponds, lakes, and rivers.  They swim under water hunting for vegetation that they gnaw and chew with large incisor teeth located in front of their cheek.  Or, they may sit on shore chewing terrestrial grasses.

tree swallows find nest box

The pond is home to Tree Swallows Tachycineta bicolor who hunt insects 'on the wing'.  They catch flying insects while flying low over water or over grasses that the insects forage among. 

We have boxes that Tree Swallows use to nest in.  This bird was checking the box for suitability. 

The box has a 'Sparrow Spooker' (nylon line attached securely with hook-eyes on top and around the entrance) that protects eggs and babies of Tree Swallows from House Sparrows who cannot negotiate the lines.  House Sparrows destroy eggs and baby birds in other species' nests.

first turtle of Spring

Adult painted turtles Chrysemys picta begin active foraging usually in March or early April.  Since winter has held on strongly until now, we only saw the first turtle today when the sun was shining and temperature is in the 60's F.  

Shortly after awaking from winter, courtship begins.  If they laid clutches of eggs last fall, the little hatched turtles probably over-wintered in the nest.  Now they emerge and instinctively seek the security of water in the pond.

Today, the Spring Peepers are singing too!

ice out

 'Ice Stars' adorned the melting ice on the pond last week, since winter was long and more snowy than usual.  

Warmer this week, and ice was all melted by today.

mallards arriving

Even though Spring is here and the birds have been moving to their nesting areas in Minnesota, the ice  is thick on the middle of ponds.  The Mallard pair is finding food in the open water near the shore.  They act like ice-breakers with their beaks and legs to get to the plant material beneath the water. 

blizzard and frost depth

Another 10 inches of snow!  And blizzard winds.  The birds that ventured out of their shelters for food had to contend with lousy weather.  This female Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis was windblown and swinging while eating safflower seeds from the hanging tray feeder.  

Because so much insulating snow came down early in November and piled up repeatedly throughout winter . . .  soil frost depth is minimal at this time.  With all the moisture in the ground, it should be a good year for wildflowers!